Stove structure



2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 21, 1939 April 9, 1940.

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1 gm Q J. A. MASONICK 2,196,467

STOVE STRUCTURE Filed Jan. 21, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheeifi I: I InJenibr fiJep/ Aflfiwwu'ck if ornzzig,

Patented Apr. 9, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE v Y I 2,196,467 v v STOVE STRUCTURE Joseph A. Masonick, Lake Bluff. n1.. Application January 21, 1939, Serial No. 252,080

' signed particularly for household use and for the burning of coal, wood, or other solid fuel.

My invention relates particularly to that type I of stove of the :down draft type in which the combustion chamber serves also as-areservoir' for comparatively large fuel supplies, and where the combustion or carbureting zone is at thelower end of the fuel stack so that thedoWn-draft through the fuelcaused by the stack or chimney pull will carry with it the generated gasesxand smoke through the combustion zone for complete combustion thereof and the generation of a hot flame flowing through a roundabout flue.

An important object of the invention is to provide a controllable opening adjacent to the bot+ tom of the fuel stack'through which. paper, kindling or other combustible material may be read-' ily inserted for :igniting the fuel-and through which opening the air flow may beregulated for rapid combustion of the material and ignition 0- the fuel at the bottom of the fuelstack.

A furtherimportant object is to provide a regulatable air inlet near the combustionzone for regulatingthe stack or chimney draft and to be particularly serviceable in'starting the stack or chimney draft when the stove 'is to be started so that this created chimney draft may quickly become effective to draw air downwardly through the fuel stack for continued combustion .of. the

fuel after ignition thereof.

A further important objectis to provide an ar rangement'in which an outer frame and an inner frame spaced therefrom form a combustion struc-; ture comprisng a vertical fuel storage and combustion chamber and a flue passage between theends thereof and with the upper end oftheflue passage communicating with a stack or chimney through which the products of combustion escape. A further object of the invention is" toutilize the space surrounded by the combustion chamber and flue structure as an oven for cooking, baking,

or storage chamber 23 for fuel F, the wall I9 prefor other food preparation.

A further objectof this invention is. to adapt other object is to provide means adapted to be set to cause the stack or chimney draft'to effect either downflow or upflow of air through the fuel and combustion chamber.

A further important object "is to provide an arrangement in which the fluecrossesectlonalto the stack, inlet in order to assure balanced pull of the stack and complete combustion of the gases in the flue.

The various, features enumerated above and other features of my invention are shown incorporated in. the structure disclosed on the draw ings, in which drawings:

Figure 1 is an elevation of the stove in perspec- 1 tive with parts broken away to more clearly show the construction;

Figure 2 is a plan view with parts broken away; Figure 3 is a section on plane III-III of Figure I Figure 4 is asection on plane IV IV of Figure 2;- and,

Figure 5 is'a section on plane V -V of Figure 1.

The stove structure is preferablyrectangular and of materially greater length than width. The structure shown is approximately twice as long as it is wide.

.The stove comprises an inner or combustion structure, and a surrounding shell or housing spaced at all sides and "at the top from the combustion structure for the upward circulationof air to be heated for delivery to the room to be served. The inner or combustion structure comprises an outer rectangular frame preferably. constructed of sheet metal. It is formed by the front and rear vertical walls I 0 and II, the vertical sidewalls I2' and" I3, the bottom wall I4, and the removable top or cover wall I5. An inner substantially rectangular frame extends between. the front and rear walls I0 and II and comprises the top and bottom walls I6 and I1 respectively and the side walls I8 and I9, the walls I6 and. I! being spaced away from the walls I4 and I5 to define lower and'upper passageways or flue sections 20 I and 2| respectively, and the side wall I8 is spaced away from the side wall I2 to leave a passageway or flue section 22 which joins the flue sections 20 andZ I The side wall I9 is spaced away a greater distance from the wall I3, to provide a reservoir,

erably beinginclined as shown so that the storage space isof gradually increasing width downwardly'to facilitate downward flow of the fuel.

The top wall or cover I5 has an outlet opening v 24 surrounded by a collar-'25 for receiving a stove-pipe or stack 26 for communicationwith the upper flue portion or leg 2|. v The'outer housing or-shell comprises front and rear walls Hand 28, side walls 29, and 30, a bottom wall v3I',-and a cover structure which is preferably composed of cover sections C, CI and C2;

. nected from the upper flue leg or portion 2 l.

extend downwardly to the housing bottom wall it l. Another vertical wall 35 is interposed. between thewall l4 and the wall 3| and the various walls define an ash pit or chamber 36 below the fuel storage space 23. The bottom wall M of the combustion structure has the opening 31 therethrough and across this opening extends a grate structure 38 to be interposed between the fuel storage space and the ash pit, the supporting shaft 39 for the grate structure extending outwardly through the front wall of the housing for reception of a crank by which the grate may be shaken. An ash receptacle as may be inserted in the ash pit for receiving the ashes. A door Ml, supported by the front wall 2! of the housing permits access to the ash pit.

The top or cover wall l for the combustion structure has the opening 4| above the fuel space 23 through which fuel may be charged into the fuel space, and this passageway may be closed by a door 42 guided by suitable hinge mechanism 3, the door having air passageways 44. adjustable by a slidable damper plate 45 for regulation of the air supply downwardly into the fuel space. When the door is to be opened for charging of fuel into the storage space for the fuel, the housing cover section C2 may be removed or swung aside.

Provision is made so that the upper end of the fuel space 23 may be connected with or discon- As. shown, a door or choke plate 46 extends between the front and rear walls I I] and I l of the combustion structure and is supported on a shaft 41 journalled in these walls and extending forwardly through the housing front wall 21' and there provided with a handle 48, the shaft extending along the top wall it of the inner frame of the combustion structure. In the position shown in Figures 3 and i, the choke plate 46 extends upwardly to shut off communication between the upper flue leg 2i and the upper end of the fuel space 23 so that then the stack draft will cause air to flow downwardly through the door passages M into the fuel space and through the fuel, and then through the flue legs 20, 22 and 2! into the stack,

position, as shown in Figure 3-, the air, flowing downwardly through the fuelwill carry with it any generated gases and smoke for passage. through the combustion zone and complete and clean combustion thereof, the resulting flame and products of combustion then flowing serially through the flue legs and into andout of'the The . products of combustion through stack, as indicated by the arrows on Figure 3.

vIt will be noted that the flue legs are of decreasing cross-section, the flue 22 being of less cross section than the lower flueleg 20 and the upper flue leg'2l being of less cross-section than the intermediate flue leg 22. This arrangement will compensate for the diminution of gases and will cause the stack draft to be balanced.

The fuel in the fuel storage space may cake and not flow freely downwardly to follow the combustion, this being particularly true if a soft grade of coal is used. However, when this happens, the

combustion zone will work its way upwardly along the fuel stack until the fuel becomes loosened sufficiently to flow downwardly, and combustion and the productionof heat is. maintained until all of the fuel is consumed. Usually, before the fuel is all consumed, a fresh supply of fuel is charged into the fuel space and if there has been any caking of the fuel, such caking will be broken up when fresh fuel is charged into the fuel space.

To facilitate lighting up or starting of the stove, the front wall 10, above the grate, may be deflected to provide a hopper or inlet passageway it through which kindling material may be inserted, the hopper being provided with a lid 5!? which may be hinged as indicated at 5| so that the hopper passageway may be closed or left partially open forinflow of air to aid the kindling combustion. The hopper structure is accessible 36 may be. opened and the air passages 44. in the door 42 closed by the damper plate, so that there will be updraft through the kindling fire directly into. the stack. Then after the fire has been fully kindled and the fuel space 23 is filled with fuel, the choke plate. 46 is raised and the air passages 44 opened for the establishment of down-draft thru the fuel by the stack pull and flow of. the the fiuelegs 29, 22 and 2| into the stack.

After the fuel space has been filled with fuel, the stack draft or pull may not pick up sufiiciently rapidly owing to theresistance of the air flow through the fuel mass. In order to hasten full stack pull, I provide an adjustable air inlet for the lower flue leg 20 adjacent to'the combustion zone. This-air inlet 54 is through the front wall 2'! of the outer housing structure and maybe closed by a suitable door 55 having air passageways. 56 therethrough adjustable by a damper plate 5'1. When this air inlet is opened, the stack pull will be correspondingly relieved from the drag of the air flow resistance through the .fuel and this directair flow through the. flues will entrain heat from the combustion zone so that the stack is rapidly heated and its draft or pull rapidly built up. The air inlet 54 may then be closed or the damper plate adjusted for air flow to regulate the stack pull at the combustion zone for thus regulating the combustion and heat output. The draft may be further regulated by adjustment of the air passageway in the dQor.42 at the top of the fuel chamber, and the desired degree of combustion performance and heat generation can be adjusted and governed to a nicety. With the air flow properly adjusted and applied, there will be clean and complete combustion of the gases, the smoke and the fuel, and there will be very little ash. Whatever ash-there be willbe comparativelyfine' and will drop down thru the agiotg'ie'z I and m scara-s ma be made matadepart grate int'o the receptacle 39; {and there will b littel requirement for operation of-the grate;

Air flow through the kindling, hopper or passageway 49 may also be-used for 'effecting'rapid starting or firing up of the stove. When the fuel space has been filledafter the kindling operation, the lid 50 maybe opened ror'innowor air through the passageway A'S'and' there will then be only a small volume of fuel between this'fair" inlet and the lower flue 29 so that the stack draft may build up rapidly. -If' it does notbuild 'upsufli'ciently structure may be utilized as an oven for baking,

cooking or other food preparation. As best shown in Figure 4, the walls of this oven-forming space are extended through the front wall 10 of v the combustion structure and through an opening in the front wall 21 ofthe outer casing or housingwhere the'walls are flanged to form a seat 58 for a'door 59 for opening and'closing the open space; The oven is surrounded by the fuel storage and combustion space andthe fiues and is adequately heatedfor any cooking or baking purposes. When less heat is required in the oven, the choke plate 46 may be'swung" down for updraft operation so that the oven will be heated more 'strongly'from'the top when the material to be prepared requires top heat.- If the ovenis not used for cooking or baking purposes, the door 59 may be, opened so that thefheat is utilized for heating the room in which the stove is-located.

The space 60 b elow the "lower wall I4 of the combustionstructureand adjacent to the ash pit may be utilized for storag'eZof utensils or as a warming chamber and may beclosed by suitable doors Bl.

The top walljor cover- I5 '01? the combustion structure may also be provided with 'an opening 62' over which kettles or other ut'ensils'may be setfor cooking or other food' preparation pure poses; During such use of the stove,'the section CI of the housing top may beremoved; The opening 62 also serves as arneans through which 1 tools may be applied for cleaning out of the fines.

by a lid 63.

As the lower corner of the oven chamber frame is adjacent to the combustion zone and may therefore become highlyheated, 1 preferably provide a lining 64 of metal or refractory materialin this corner to' draw heat from the sheet metal wall and'prevent burning thereof by the intense heat.

' desire to be limited to the exact construction and arrangement shown and described, aschanges' bythe walls l6, l1, l8. and IQ of the inner frame of the combustion in; n w the e ope of the invention. l-claimasniy invention: v 1

" 1'-.'-In' a stove structure of the class described', a

combustion structure comprising an [outer rectangular frame and an inner rectangular frame, I

saidframesbeing spaced to define a fuel storage and-combustion chamber at one side, upper and -lower fluesextending from the top and bottom respectively of said charriber', and a flue connecting the ends of said upper and lower flues, a stack c'oinmunicati'ng with the upper flue, a,- grate at the tOpEthereOf, and means controlling the connection or the upper'end' ofsaid chamber through said upper-flue whereby the! stack flow may create either. down draft or up "draft through said chamber.

' 2. A stove comprising a combustion structure formed by an outer rectangular frame and an inner substantially rectangularframe, said framesbeinjg spaced apart to define a vertical fiielistorage and combustion chamber at one end thereof, and a fuel passageway comprising a lower flue leg, an upper flue leg, and an end flue leg, a stack communicating with the upper flue leg, agrate at the bottom of said chamber, means providing an inlet to said chamber adjacent to the grate for the introduction of kindling material for starting the stove and for creating I a combustion zone at-the bottomof the fuel in the chamber, the stack pull causing the products of combustion-to flow serially-through the flue legs into"the--stack;-'means providing a controllable air inlet to the lower flue leg adjacent to the combustion zone for control of the stack pull.

3. A stove of the classdescribed comprising a cdmbustionfstructure formed'by an outer rec-j tan'gula'rframe and an inner rectangular frame spacedfroni each-other to provide a vertical fuel, storage and combustion 'chamber at one sideand afcontinuou's flue passageway comprising a lower portion; a side portion and. an upper portion,'a stack communicating with the-upper portion of the nue assagewame gratebelow said chamber, means forbontrolling air flow. into the top of said chamber, means 'for' insertion of' kindling material into the bot'tomof said chamber above said grate, me ns. for controlling the'connectionof theupper end of-saidchamberwith-the upper portion'of said flue passageway, for creation by the stack" pullof eitherv down-draft or up-draft When the opening 62 is not used,it may be closed in said chamber, anda controllable air inlet for bottom of said'chamber and a n air inlet-for the 1 the lowerportion of the flue passageway adjacent to the combustion zone in said chamber. 4.. A fstove comprising a combustion structure formed 'of an'outer rectangularframe and an t inner rectangular frame spaced apart to define "a 'verticalmfuel storage and combustion chamber at one side and a flue passagewaycommunicatf' airdirectly into said chamber, adjustable means for regulating a flow ofair into said flue passageway, adjacent said chamber, adjustable means for regulating a flow-of air into the top of said chamber, means associated with said ad justable means for regulating air flow for controllingthe connectionof the upper end of said chamber with the upper' part of the flue pas-' sageway for creation by thestack pull of either down'or'up-draft in said chamber, an enclosing housing for said combustion structure hav-' ing its walls spaced away therefrom to provide passageways forthe upward flow of auto be heated, the upper wall of said housing having outlets for the heated air, the space enclosed by the walls of said inner frame forming an oven for cooking, baking or the like, the walls of said inner frame extending through the front wall of said housing and a door on said housing front wall for closure of said oven space. i

5. A stove comprising a vertical fuel storage and combustion chamber, a grate at the bottom of said chamber, a flueextending laterallyaway from the lower end of said chamber, then upwardly and then back towards the top of said chamber, a stack communicating with theupper end of 'the flue, a plurality of means for regulating the supply of combustion air to said chamber, some of said means being part of and some adjacent to said chamber, means for connecting the top of said chamber with the upper end of the'flueor for disconnecting it therefrom for creation by the stack pull of either up or down draft in said chamber, walls cooperating with the. flue walls to define an oven for cooking or baking, an enclosing housing for said combustion chamber and flu having passageways therethrough forthe upward circulation of air tobe heated,

and a door on said housing for said oven.

6. A stove comprising a combustion structure formed by an outer'rectangular frame and an inner substantially rectangular frame, said frames being spaced apart to define avertical fuel storage andcombustion chamber at one end thereof, a flue extending laterally away from the bottom of said chamber, then upwardly and then back to the top of said chamber, a'stack communicating with the upper endof said flue, a grate at the bottom of said chamber, a rogue latable draft inlet at the upper end of said provide a passagewayand'an adjustable draft inlet to said chamber when open, and a deflecting damper for connecting the top of said chamber with the upper end of the flue and associated of a fire is facilitated;

with'said draft inlets for creating a regulated up or, downdraft in said chamber, the space surrounded by said chamber and said flue forming an oven for cooking or bakin r nd a door I for said oven.

7. A stove structure of the class described, a combustion structure comprising an outer rectangular frame and an innerrectangular frame, said frames being spaced to define a fuel storage and, combustion chamber at oneside, upper and lower flues. extending from the top. and bottom respectively of said chamber, a flue connecting the ends of saidv upper andlower flues, a stack communicating withsaid upper flue, a grate at the bottom of said chamber, an ash pit below said chamber, said grate dividing said chamber and said ash pit, a plurality of adjustable inlets for regulating the supply ofcombustion air to said chamber, said inlets positioned to direct flows of air adjacent the ends of and at substantially thecenter of said chamber as'desired, and a hing-ed damper in said upper flue between said stack and said chamber associated with the flow of air from saidinlets for creating a regulated up draft through said chamber when said damper is in an open position and for creating a regulated down draft through said chamber when said damper is in a closed position.

8. A stove structure of the class described, a combustion structure comprising an outer rectangular frame and an inner rectangular. frame, said frames being spaced to define a fuel storage and combustion chamber at one side, upper and lower flues extending from the top and bottom respectively of said chamber, a flue connecting the ends of said upper and lower flues, a stack communicating with said upper flue, a

grate at thewbottom of said chamber, an ash.

pit below said chamber, said grate dividing said chamber and said ash pit, an adjustable draft inlet at the end of the laterally extending flue adjacent saidchamber, anadjustable draft inlet to said chamber adjacent said grate, and a deflecting damper connecting the top of said chamber with the upper end of the flue, said damper when in a closed position and either of said draft i-nlets in open position creating an up draft througha portion of said fuel next to said combustion chamber whereby the starting JOSEPH A. MASONICK. 

